Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Euthanasia Is The Practice Of Ending A Patient s Life...

Euthanasia is the practice of ending a patient’s life with the intention of relieving them from pain and suffering. The topic is interesting because there is a huge difference in people’s opinions of it- from those who support it to those who do not. A few arguments that support euthanasia are the rights for humans to decide when to die, that death is not a bad thing so it coming sooner is more of a relief for them, it is wrong to deny someone the right to die when they are suffering, and it may be cost effective for people who are terminally ill and will die soon anyway. A few arguments that are against euthanasia include patients being judgment-impaired due to the effects of their illness, it seems like a cop-out for doctors because it is easier to euthanize a patient than to care for them, a patient’s decision to be euthanized can have a serious impact on others in their life, patients may feel pressured to chose euthanasia because it is cheaper than medical c are, and euthanasia is mainly promoted by people who have had a loved one die because they were in agonizing pain. Autonomy which is the ability to decide, supports any decision a patient will make, whether it is to be euthanized or not. Beneficence is the assumption that a healthcare provider is actively seeking the patient’s good and will give their opinion on whether euthanasia is the right decision or not. The two ethical theories that can be used to defend and criticize euthanasia are the duty-oriented

Essay about elections and democracy - 1559 Words

QUESTION 1; 1. Do you think elections can be a good measure of democracy? Discuss this statement in relation to elections recently held in African countries you are familiar with. INTRODUCTION The year 2011 experienced serious levels of political activities in Africa such as political upheavals, middle-east uprisings and elections in many countries. Most Islamic nations rose against their long-ruling leaders, hence saw the ousted of Egyptian Hosni Mubarak and the killing of Muamar Gaddafi after a six-month war between the Gaddafi loyalists and the anti-Gadhafi fighters assisted by NATO. However, while this was taking place, other countries like Zambia, Congo DR, Nigeria, Liberia were also exercising their obligation of†¦show more content†¦DISCUSSION From the understanding of liberty and freedoms, the government must be erected by the participation of very free people not under coercion. It implies that the citizens must have a free will to choose leaders of their choice and be able to have freedom of expression within the given framework. Thus, elections become a very important voice for citizens to select their leaders as that is how they participate in the process of making decisions .However, there is more to democracy than just holding elections and electioneering. There are many other factors to consider to complete democracy than just holding an election Elections today, which signify democracy, must be judged by the conformity to standard norms that constitute free and fair elections. A free election is based on the presumption that fundamental human rights and freedoms are respected. These would include freedom of assembly, association, expression, and information. In addition, freedom would include freedom from violence, intimidation and coercion, freedom to access the polling stations by both voters and monitors, and freedom to make choices without fear of repercussions.But in Zambia,prior to elections,there was a lot of intimidation by the ruling MMD by brutalising the opposition,corrupting the youths with beer to cause confusion in a way of campaigning.So there was coecion before election as opponents were not ready to frely make their own decisions over who to vote for. In anotherShow MoreRelatedA False Democracy : The Presidential Election1434 Words   |  6 Pages A False Democracy In the 2016 presidential election, over ninety million eligible American citizens abstained from voting. Of course many citizens could have been busy that day, or forgot, or even falsely feel that voting is futile. All of these free non voters take their freedom for granted as upwards of two million convicted felons’ votes are stolen by the government because of their criminal behavior. Each of the fifty states in the U.S. recognize numerous specific and confusing laws on whetherRead MoreThe Democracy in United States Elections1908 Words   |  8 PagesAre United States elections democratic? Democracy a universally recognized phenomenon refers to a government deriving its power from the people and being answerable to them (Fox 2008). President Abraham Lincoln (Gettysburg Address, 1863) said about democracy ...is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not vanish from this earth ‘ (Fox 2008). The foundations of democracy in America are found within, â€Å"The Declaration of Independence of 1776† and â€Å"The Constitution ofRead MoreAre Free Elections Necessary to Have a Democracy?1997 Words   |  8 Pages It is important to understand the concept of democratization to examine newly developed democracies more critically and to have a better understanding of the contemporary politics around the world. Since many countries consider themselves as democracies, there needs to be a scale that represents the shared value and aspiration of democracy to evaluate these countries in a critical and objective manner to determine the democra tic performance of these governments. The region this essay will be focusingRead MoreDemocracy, the Electoral College and Other Methods of Election681 Words   |  3 Pagesaround the world believe that the United States, with its political and justice systems, is the strongest democracy in the world. However, the United States of America possesses many defects in its political system. Many Americans also believe that the United States of America is the most solid democracy today. However, America’s election system contradicts the ideas of a role-model democracy. American citizens elect the President of the United States indirectly through the Electoral College. SomeRead MoreA Free Fair Election Is The Keystone Of Every Democracy1429 Words   |  6 PagesA free and fair election is the keystone of every democracy. It is essential for a peaceful transfer of power. The elected leaders shape the future of the society.   Therefore, elections empower the ordinary citizens. Through elections, the citizens are able to influence the policies which made by the government, and thus, their future. The US has been in the forefront in democracy since the year 1788 when the Constitution was ratified. However, the electoral tradition was established during the colonialRead MoreThe Elections Is A Key Aspect Of Australia s Democracy Essay1859 Words   |  8 PagesProviding each citizen with the right to vote in periodic elections is a key aspect of Australia’s democracy. Voting acts as a mean for citizens to contribute to the government, by choosing who is elected. Australia was progressive in promoting democracy, as the country’s early electoral systems implemented compulsory voting, preferential voting and it gave women the right to vote. However, a history of malapportionment of electoral districts has prevented true voter equality from being reached.Read MoreIs The Uk Really A Democracy? Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesIS THE UK REALLY A DEMOCRACY? A democracy, according to Abraham Lincoln, is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The word democracy comes from the Greek word demos which means â€Å"people and kratia, which means rule (http://educationportal.ontla.on.ca/en/ ). A democracy is a system where the people have a little of control over the government in some specific important processes like voting in elections and decision making. In a democracy, the majority rule and minorityRead MoreDemocracy As A Best Solution, And Underlying Capitalist Forces1490 Words   |  6 PagesDemocracy has morphed in the face of time due to exterior forces which in turn have impacted the understanding of what democracy in action should look like. Technology, education, religious decay and rise, and many other facets of modern life have overwhelmed the understanding of what democracy is. Simply engaging with the concept of democracy is in itself an acceptance of values and assumptions about what governments, and m any times economies, should look like. But this paper hardly allows for alternativeRead MoreIndian Democracy1376 Words   |  6 Pages aptly defined democracy as a government of the people, by the people and for the people. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States of America, aptly defined democracy as a government of the people, by the people and for the people. This definition clearly underlines the basic tenet that, in this- form of government, people are supreme. The ultimate power is in their hands and they exercise it in the form of electing their representatives at the time of elections. In modern timesRead MoreBelieving in Democracy for Nepal994 Words   |  4 PagesToday everyone believes in democracy in Nepal and experience a new era of democracy because after a long time Nepal got democracy. The process of democratic promotion in Nepal is very complex. In political and social term Nepal travelled a very long way in the last sixty years. In 1947 when India and Pakistan independent, Nepal was ruled by the autocratic Rana regime. In 1951 Nepal first time attained democracy through an armed revolution against the Rana regime. Then King Mahendra introduced party

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Persuasive Lying Essay - 1907 Words

Persuasive Lying Essay People often say that honesty is the best policy. You should listen to them they know what they’re talking about. Lying. In the dictionary the definition of lying is an â€Å"intentionally told false statement† but the dictionary doesn’t list the consequences of a lie or why said false statements were used. So, I’ll have to do it. I know that no one wants to hear that they look fat or grotesque , or that the ugly sweater they gave someone for Christmas will never see anything but the inside of a closet. We as humans believe that telling a lie will avoid unnecessary conflict. Does it though? They also think lying could gain themselves attention. But would they want the attention after a while? Some people also believe†¦show more content†¦Or to you having a boyfriend or girlfriend before they think your old enough? Each parent in the world is different but they all have some form of punishment. One other example would be lying to a teacher, someone with a position of authority in a school. A student can lie about the reason they were late to class to the old â€Å"my dog ate my homework† excuse. This kind of lying is very difficult for the person telling the lie, because it involves telling someone who is in a position of authority what he or she wants to hear. The student lying doesn’t t ell the truth to avoid unnecessary conflict and it is studied that always telling the truth leads to more bad than good. Another example would be those who lie to a police officer or any person related to the law. You could tell him or her you didn’t murder your algebra teacher just because you hate math but you actually did or you could be selling drugs and telling them you aren’t. If you do it once whose to say you won’t do it again? These things are very serious as well as having serious consequences. So just tell them the truth. At the very least you’ll feel better without the heavy burden of knowing that you’ve lied. Lying to avoid conflict will only result in an even bigger confrontation of what it could’ve been if you had told the truth in the first place. Another reason someone might lie is to gain attention. It can be from parents, strangers, and even your friends. Children. From the day they’re bornShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Lying1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthink you have never told a lie in your life, then you’re already lying to yourself. Lying is one of the most common behaviors, and a part of human nature. Lying happens all around us, and every minute a lie is being told. Our parents teach us not to practice the lies of deception, yet as we grow up, we pick up the habit of lying, and do it all the time. We lied to our friends, family, peers, and teachers; feeling no remorse. Lying has become so common that it has become difficult to differentiateRead MorePersuasive Essay About Lying821 Words   |  4 Pageslike Immanuel Kant explains that all lies are unjustified, whereas Randy Cohen and Bella Depaulo express their professional opinion that lying is usually justified. Lying is sometimes justified due to being able to protect others, being able to get out of a life and death situation, and has the ability to hurt relationships. First of all, the best way to use lying is to protect others. Granted, it is known that if you can’t keep up with the lie then it will cause extra stress on your life, so lieRead MoreDishonesty In The Ways We Lie By Langston Hughes1368 Words   |  6 Pagespromptly. Factions of lying, especially those not ordinarily considered deceit, are presented, and personal anecdotes as well as historical precedents magnify personal appeal along with logic. The purpose of this essay is to encourage people to abstain from dishonesty. For illustration, the author states,†I cannot seem to escape the voice deep inside me that tells me when someone lies, someone loses...We must consider the meaning of our actions.† In contrast, Hughes’s essay is entirely personal.Read MoreA Book That Changed My Life Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesYoung children are often taught that lying is one of the most wicked sins that an elementary-aged student could commit. Somewhere along the transition from kindergarten to adulthood, this fact is often forgotten, or at the very least, bent. Suddenly lying becomes a thing of habit, and why not? We live in a world founded on metaphorical cannibalism. In the mad dash to make the grade, to get ahead, why shouldn’t you â€Å"BS† a philosophy paper or tweak a resume so that you can bolster your image inRead MoreEssay about The Beef with TV770 Words   |  4 Pagesgazing can be detrimental to the human body. The body burns calories to a large extent slower because of the immobility of watching the tube. Body metabolism and calorie-burning is an average of 14.5 percent lesser when watching TV than when basically lying down in bed. A good question to ask as well is, mentally what does the television shows do to our children’s ability to function in the world? Kids, mainly girls, are a more likely than grown-ups to be portrayed as sufferers of brutality on the boxRead MoreTheme Themes In Lord Of The Flies716 Words   |  3 Pages Golding Theme Essay The author of the book Lord of the Flies, William Golding published this loss of innocence fiction novel post World War II. During this time, the Nazi’s were being heavily criticized by the public for supporting Hitler’s evil ways. In this allegory Golding’s central theme is depicted in this excerpt, â€Å"It was simply what seemed sensible for me to write after the war when everyone was thanking God we weren’t Nazis† (Golding). This theme is an accurate representation of the storyRead MoreAssisted Suicide878 Words   |  4 PagesJennifer  Alcala   English  12   Dec.  13,  2014   Block  5   Persuasive  Essay  Ã‚     Assisted  suicide  is  the  suicide  of  a  person,  done  with  the  help  of  another  person  but   mostly  a  physician.  (Wikipedia)  This  can  be  a  very  debatable  topic  because  it  has  actually  been   legalized  in  different  parts  of  the  world.  By  having  this  act  legalized,  it  doesn’t  really  mean  that   the  assistor  won’t  get  persecuted.  Many  people  may  not  agree  with  my  point  of  view,  but  in  my   opinion  assisted  suicide  should  not  be  legalized  at  allRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Cheeks Were Red 1717 Words   |  7 PagesDylan’s testimony changed; â€Å"Dylan told the doctor she had not been molested. Mia then took Dylan out for ice cream, and when she came back with her the child had changed her story† (Allen). Mr. Allen is here accusing Mia Farrow of coaxing Dylan into lying about being abused. The main reasoning according to Mr. Allen’s story is that Dylan, being a stressed out seven-year-old, watching her parents break up, was convinced by a conniving mother trying to get back at her former lover. This was incidentallyRead MoreThe Basic Myth Of Our Culture Is That Consumption Is The Goal Of Life1176 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertisers use persuasive advertisements to manipulate the relationship between people and objects to maximise the appeal of the product (McFall 36). Products are linked with a particular feeling. Altho ugh advertising agencies effectively sell products which benefit companies, they have an adverse effect on the masses as they enforce societal stereotypes. In order to understand advertising’s effect, it is important to look over how advertising has progressed through the years. This essay will discussRead MoreThe Use Of Brutality And Persuasion1626 Words   |  7 Pagesprivacy are to be respected. However in some cases police have failed in investigation and interrogation and in rare circumstances have diverged off protocol, therefore resulting in not having done their job professionally (Inbau, 1961). In this short essay I will provide an example of when this has occurred. Although you hear about police brutality and failed integrations on the news and movies. I am using an example FROM Police go through vigorous training to be able to deal with issues and unlawful

Racial Discrimination Among African Americans Essay

Racial discrimination is to treat someone differently because of their race. According to the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it is illegal to racially discriminate against someone in any workplace in the United States. Unfortunately, that does not stop many companies from racially discriminating against minorities. This paper, explores racial discrimination among African Americans in the workplace. According to the United States Department of Labor, in 2015, the unemployment rate for the United States averaged 5.3 percent. The rate for African Americans was 9.6 percent, but rates varied among the states. African Americans have nearly doubled the nations rate of unemployment, which is why I think that it is important to cover this topic. There are different types of racial discrimination that African Americans are experiencing in American workplaces. Hagelskamp and Hughes found that minorities are still undergoing these discernments that range from overt discrimination in the way jobs are structured, promotions occur, and pay distributed (institutional discrimination) to interpersonal prejudices expressed in comments, slurs, and the patterns of social interactions (2014). This means depending on your race, you may not get the job you desire or work promotion you need to support your family. It has been over 50 years since the Civil Rights Act passed that says, title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin (U.S. EqualShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination : Racism And Discrimination1244 Words   |  5 PagesRacial discrimination has been an ugly face lingering around for generations. It baffles me how it still exists today. It’s interesting to me because how do you know who to discriminate against. What type of individual will promote such distasteful thoughts? Why i s racial discrimination still relevant? I guess the real question will be is how to overcome racial discrimination. The beginning of racial discrimination stems from when the European settlers landed in America and conquered the NativeRead MoreThe Complexities And Processes Of Racial Housing Discrimination877 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Complexities and Processes of Racial Housing discrimination† by Vincent J. Roscigno, Diana L. Karafin, and Griff tester, the main concept of racial disparity and inequality among neighborhoods is discussed, and how those inequalities became to be. They first highlight the wide range of potentially exclusionary practices, through qualitative and quantitative data comprised of over 750 verified housing discrimination cases (Roscigno, p. 162). Citing the U.S. Census, it is found that BlacksRead MoreRacial Separatism1395 Words   |  6 PagesRacial separatism is the belief, most of the time based on racism, that different races should remain segregated and apart from one another. Racism is the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to ano ther, that his or she predetermines a persons social and moral traits and born biological characteristics. The introduction of these terms produces racial discrimination within a society. Racial discrimination has been a thorn in the side of yesterdays, todays and future generationsRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination is defines as racism that implicates the credence in racial differences, which acts as a justification for non-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration ratesRead MoreDiscrimination Against African American Race1133 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination against the African American Race Brian Barracks Social Psychology Dr. G. Austin Abstract Discrimination against African-Americans has been going on for many decades. Many African-Americans are still suffering from the effects of this. Many people who discriminate do not bother to analyze the damage that this is causing. Many African-Americans are suffering from stress problems, mental health issue, and some suffer from chronic stress. This issue has escalated for manyRead MoreRacial Discrimination858 Words   |  4 PagesResearch topic: Does racial discrimination cause poverty among black people in America? The scene of ghettosThe with poor living conditions of the ghettos in whichwhere black people live is not uncommon., Iit actually manifests a larger picture of racial discrimination which is closely related to poverty. Racial discrimination is about the pre-conceived notion that black people are inferior; they are more prone to violence and totally relianty on social welfare to survive. As a result of theseRead MoreKey Social Problems Affecting Africans Americans Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pages Though social problems affect a wide variety of people from all races, classes, and cultures; minorities, specifically African Americans, encounter social problems on a multi-dimensional basis. Poverty, employment rates, discrimination, and other social problems strike African Americans in such a way that it is nearly impossible to separate them; each individual has different background, socially and physically, that would determine in which order his or her social problems need to be solve d. ImpoverishedRead MoreA Study on Slavery1112 Words   |  4 Pageslaws were passed, clearly recognizing slavery in racial terms. The roots of these laws were partly the prejudice against blacks and partly the desire to prevent any possible unity among the workers. The laws were carried through the independence of the United States, legally considering slaves in the South as three fifth of a person. The Atlantic slave trade, a very profitable business endeavor, coupled with the demand for slave labor in American plantations, brought about a million slaves to AmericaRead MorePost Traumatic Stress1171 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE Running head: MENTAL HEALTH: THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE 2 African Americans living in urban, low-income, impoverished environments are at high risk for exposure to traumatic events, and have a potential prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to previous and repeated trauma exposure. African-Americans living in urban, low income communities with continuous exposure to communityRead MoreCause Of Racial Discrimination1039 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the twentieth century, racial tension became a core problem in the United States after African Americans started to migrate from the South to North for industrial jobs. As the United States became engulfed in World War II, war industries were nationalized and Franklin Delano Roosevelt banned discrimination through the Executive Order 8802. As African Americans moved to cities with abundant war factories to advance their economic status which challenged White Americans social status and integration

1 Essay Example For Students

1 Essay Fresh water is one of our most important natural resources becauseits needed for survival and there is no substitute for it. Unlike energy,which has many alternative forms there are no alternatives for water. Mostof our earth is covered by water, but only a tiny amount is available forfresh water. The amount of accessible fresh water varies from country tocountry and region to region. The United States has abundant amount ofwater, but many regions have shortages and this is where groundwater comesin. Groundwater is very important to these parts of the world, it is usedfor farming and drinking in these areas. Groundwater helps these areastremendously and has to be used in normal quantities as they are liable torun out which causes many problems such as sinkholes, human displacement,and for soil to be totally drained of water useless for agriculturalpurposes. Even though tapping aquifers is a very practical idea it hassome set backs as it can have disaterous eff!ects if polluted or ove r used. Groundwater originates as water or melting snow that seeps intothe soil and finds its way down through cracks and spaces in rock untilit is stopped by a impermeable layer of rock, where it forms asgroundwater. the porous layers of underground rock in which thegroundwater is stored are called aquifers. These 2 aquifers can either be confined or unconfined. The aquifers that arereplaced by surface water directly above them are called unconfined. Confined aquifers are water deposits that are stuck between two layers ofimpermeable rock, this is sometimes called artesian wells. The water inartesian well is under extreme pressure and is often the most popularchoice for wells as you can estimate the amount of water in them and bevery accurate. There are many advantages to using groundwater for house water andfarming in many parts of the world. In a desert there are very few waterways and this makes living here near impossible. With underground watersupplies you can access water which does not take up surface water whichtakes up valuable farming land. In small countries this is particularlyimportant as the more area for farming the better. When surface water such as rivers and lakes are used for house anddrinking water many lakes water levels are lowered to dangerously lowlevels which could kill many types of animal species in these areas. Thewater has an abundance of minerals in it which are lost when the waterlevel goes down which can not be leached into the soil from lakes andrivers. 3 When living in large metropolis areas such as Tucson, Miami,Phoenix, and Memphis where there are not many lakes located in the middleof the large cities and thus they have to get there water from somewhereelse. Without groundwater many cities in this area would not exist asthere is no fresh water sources nearby causing them to have to drill forwater. The use of groundwater also helps nature as it helps in theprevention of flooding. When areas need water they look to surface waterand if there is none they use groundwater. If there is not much water inan area they will damn the water source and it will flood the land killingmany animals and there homes. By using grroundwater they save animals homes and get good drinking water. Groundwater also has its problems. There may be more problemsthan advantages as so much can happen if groundwater is used excessively. .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .postImageUrl , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:hover , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:visited , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:active { border:0!important; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:active , .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102 .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff43ec5c37a34c5ee06d8291e6020102:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Future in Law Enforcement EssayWhen an aquifer is drained enough the earth around it will start to loseits support causing sinkholes. these can cause lot of damage to personalproperty and endanger human life. In Winter park, Florida a sinkholeoccurred that was 400 hundred feet wide and 125 feet deep. Sinkholes canhappen in seconds and often have no warning to when they are going toappear. Many regions that experience sinkholes 4 do not feel the full effect of sinkholes. this is because the land sinksover periods of time which most people can not detect but studies haveshown in the last 40 years in Texas have shown that lands on the Ogallalaaquifer have sunk of levels u p to 21 m. The overuse of an aquifer near coastal areas can cause salt waterintrusion which happens when a aquifer is depleted faster than it canreplenish itself, so water from the oceans filter into the systems.

A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson Essay A Comparison of Piaget, Freud, and EriksonbyRandy HartenstinePsychology 1513-51Extra Credit PaperApril 8, 1999Hartenstine 1The field of psychology has grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologists mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology. Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life. In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson, and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages w ere. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice. Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology today. Freud believed that inner forces fueled human development. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the Hartenstine 2same kind of sexual needs that an adult would experience. Children experienced sexual gratification in different ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual gratification for small children. Freud also specified certain areas of our body as erogenous zones. Those areas included the mouth and genitals. This all fit in to Freuds obsession with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative period in history. Sexual feelings were often repressed. Freuds theo ry on human development could be labeled the psychosexual stages of development. Freud believed human beings passed through different stages in their life based on which part of their body gratified them. Freuds psychosexual stages of development are five in total. The Oral stage takes place from birth to about one year. During this stage, a child is orally oriented. The mouth is the childs erogenous zone. Everything a child touches is put in his mouth. Freud believes children do this because it gives them pleasure. When a child sucks his thumb, it does so because it gratifies them. According to Freud, the gratification is sexual. The second stage in Freuds psychosexual development theory takes place between the ages of two and three years of age. The erogenous zone shifts location, thus moving from one stage to another. The second erogenous zone in Freuds stages of human development is the anal region. Freud believes childrenHartenstine 3experience sexual gratification during bowel movements and when they withhold bowel movements. Some children may even experience pleasure handling, looking at, or thinking about their own feces. Once the Anal stage of development has been completed, the next stage of development for Freud is the Phallic Stage. This usually occurs at about three years of age. The shift in erogenous zones moves from the anal region to the genital organs. This stage is also known as the Oedipal Stage of psychosexual development. This name comes from the legendary king, Oedipus, who killed his father and married his mother. During this stage, children take interest in their sexual organs. Soon they notice differences and similarities between themselves and their parents. Each sex wants to be with the parent of the other sex, for girls this is referred to as theelektra complex. Once the children realize they can not be with their mother or father, they identify with the parent of the same sex. The next stage is called the stage of Latency. A lack of change or absence of erogenous zones characterizes this stage. After the realization that the child can not be with a parent sexually, the child shifts its attention to same-sexed relationships. Boys will shift their sexual urges and drives to something acceptable, such as sports. This is a time of relative calm. The last stage of Freuds psychosexual development is the Genital Stage. The erogenous zone returns in a very powerfulHartenstine 4way in the genital organs. This stage takes place from puberty into adulthood. True sexual desire and sexual relationships mark this stage. Erikson took Freuds ideas and enhanced them. He added stages for the adult years. He also shifted his attention to identity rather than sexuality. Erikson developed the psychosocial stages of development. He is known for his eight stages of life. Eriksons first stage is during infancy. It deals with trust versus mistrust. The child develops an outlook on life and whether the world can be trusted or not. Th e child develops trust if the parents give the child something it can rely on. According to Erikson, the child develops a sense of optimism or pessimism during this stage. The next stage in Eriksons psychosocial development is during early childhood and is known as autonomy versus shame and doubt. The child becomes autonomous and realizes he can say yes or no. This stage will determine whether a child develops a sense of self-certainty. Eriksons next stage takes place during the ages of three to six years. This stage is marked by initiative versus guilt. This stage is important in developing the childs sense of enterprise. The child develops initiative when trying out new things and is not scared of failing. The fourth stage of Eriksons developmental theory takes place at about six years of age and lasts till puberty. This stage deals with industry Hartenstine 5 versus inferiority. The child learns skills of the culture and must deal with feelings of inferiority. Adolescence brings about the next stage for Erikson. This stage is known for identity versus identity confusion. During this stage, Erikson believes adolescents must develop a sense of self-awareness or knowing who they are. They develop a sense of identity. The sixth stage for Erikson is known for intimacy versus isolation. Who can forget the fires blazing over local buildi EssayHartenstine 9Work CitedCoon, Dennis. Introduction to Psychology: Exploration andApplication, 7th Edition. Minnesota: West PublishingCompany, 1995. Freud, Sigmund. The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Brill, A. A.: Dodd, Mead and Company, Inc., July 1979. Piaget, Jean, et al. The Psychology of The Child. Berkeley andLos Angeles: University of California Press, Ltd., 1972.